EFSA has published a new Technical Report on the release of micro- and nanoplastics from plastic food and beverage packaging.To search for evidence of the release of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) during the use of food contact materials (FCMs), a structured literature review was conducted on studies published between 2015 and 20 January 2025 .
It identified 1711 publications , of which 122 were selected for data extraction.
Eight additional publications have been added to provide broader context.
Most studies concern microplastics, while data on nanoplastics are almost completely absent.
Most publications use water or aqueous food simulants as the FCM contact medium for the suspension and subsequent isolation of released MNP. Only a few cases have tested foods other than mineral water.
Despite the large number of publications investigating MNP release from MCA, the available evidence regarding the characteristics and quantities of MNP released from MCA remains limited .
Many publications suffer from methodological shortcomings in test conditions, sample preparation, and deficiencies in the reliability of analytical data, resulting in frequent identification and counting errors.
Based on the findings regarding release mechanisms, contamination, mimicking substances, particle numbers and masses generated during the use of FCMs, it is concluded that:
- There is evidence of microplastics being released during the use of MCAs,
- such release is due to mechanical stress, such as abrasion or friction, or to materials with open or fibrous structures,
- Despite the uncertainties, the actual release is much lower than the results presented in many publications.
This review identifies methodological shortcomings and data gaps and makes recommendations for related future research needs. (Source: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/ )